What Makes People Believe False Information?

For the transcript of this video, read on:

What Makes People Believe False Information?

In today’s world, we’re often bombarded by messages, whether it’s in our social media feeds, on our favorite websites, or even at the dinner table. That can lead to a spread of false or inaccurate information, which can range from harmless hearsay to a decision that can harm our health and well‑being.

So what makes a person more likely to believe misinformation? The American Psychology Association says there are a few factors.

1. It’s been repeated. The more times we’ve heard a statement, the more we get used to the idea, and the more we might start believing it’s true.

2. It comes from a source we trust. If someone within your social circle or whom you feel shares your beliefs says something, you may feel a sense of trust in their message.

3. It incites deep emotions. We may be especially vulnerable to misinformation when it tugs at our heartstrings or taps into our sense of outrage or one of our fears.

4. It makes the “other side” look bad. When we have allegiance to a particular group, it may be easier to believe something that paints our opponents in a negative light.

Research suggests there are some things you can do to help separate fact from fiction — and to slow the spread of misinformation.

First, seek out neutral sources. These are those that aren’t influenced by likes and views, politics, or selling products. And go directly to experts, when you can. For example, ask your primary care doctor to clarify medical information.

Also, when you see information, especially something that seems salacious or could be harmful, resist the urge to share it with others right away. Check the facts before spreading the message.

If you’re in a leadership position, or maybe you’re a parent, use your voice to warn others about the prevalence of misinformation. Tell them in advance that there are incorrect messages spreading about a certain topic. Research published in the American Journal of Health Promotion says this ”prebunking” tactic can be effective in helping people look critically at messages and more easily identify false claims.

Teaching others about the importance of accuracy in information may help prevent future misinformation from spreading, too.

Sources:

• American Psychological Association. 8 recommendations for countering misinformation. Last updated March 2024.
• American Psychological Association. What psychological factors make people susceptible to believe and act on misinformation? Last updated March 2024.
• Roozenbeek J, van der Linden S. How to Combat Health Misinformation: A Psychological Approach. (2022) American Journal of Health Promotion.