Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms and Stages

Stage 1: Autoimmunity Without Symptoms

In stage 1, type 1 diabetes has just begun. That means the immune system has started attacking insulin-producing cells.

There’s a presence of two or more diabetes-related autoantibodies at this phase. Autoantibodies are found in the blood and are what’s causing the attack.

At this point, there are no symptoms. But autoantibodies can be detected through blood screening.

Stage 2: Autoimmunity with Abnormal Blood Sugar

In stage two, there are still two or more autoantibodies. The person may experience abnormal blood glucose levels, but usually doesn’t have obvious symptoms.

The autoantibodies continue to attack insulin-producing cells.

Stage 3: Clinical Type 1 Diabetes

This is the phase where a person is clinically diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

Autoantibodies continue to attack, and blood sugar levels become consistently high.

Symptoms tend to appear. They may include increased thirst, frequent urination, unintended weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision.

In severe cases, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop. DKA can have seemingly sudden symptoms like headache, rapid breathing, fruity-smelling breath, muscle stiffness or aches, and stomach pain. It’s life-threatening, so if you suspect you or a loved one might have DKA, go to the emergency room or hospital.

What to Know About Type 1 Diabetes Stages

While type 1 diabetes can begin to develop without someone knowing it, there are some ways to catch it early.

Screening can identify type 1 diabetes early and involves a simple blood test. People may consider screening if type 1 diabetes runs in their family, or if they’re otherwise at risk.

Talk to your doctor if you think you or a family member is at risk or may be showing symptoms of type 1 diabetes.